2016年3月31日 星期四

Week five:我想念我自己

Why 'Still Alice' is about you

Updated 1453 GMT (2253 HKT) March 12, 2015




































































Julianne Moore won an Academy Award for her heart-wrenching performance in "Still Alice," in which she plays a linguistics professor with early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Much has been written about her characterization of a woman struggling with the disease. But there's another reason the performance hits home for millions of Americans, whether they are grappling with Alzheimer's or not. The late Richard Glatzer, who co-directed the film with Wash Westmoreland, named it: "Still Alice," he said, is actually a film about "the real unsung heroes: caregivers."
As the audience journeys with Alice and her family from diagnosis to acceptance and adaptation, we watch her husband and three children struggle to make sense of the changes in Alice. 
hey each adjust in their own way, testing and transforming elements of their relationships. And we see what happens when care becomes -- or doesn't become -- a central feature of these relationships.
The changes in these relationships -- between husband and wife, and mother and child -- yield some of the most provocative, brutal and poignant moments of the film. The caregiving relationship is never simple, but the "presence of being" it requires always offers an opportunity for raw honesty and transformation -- both for the individuals involved and the relationship itself. And, in the film, family members grow to become a crucial, if imperfect, circle of care.
This story is familiar to more and more Americans, young and old. Like so many families, Alice's did not have a plan to address such an unexpected diagnosis and must scramble to create makeshift solutions while navigating their own in-the-moment reactions.
I recognize their confusion and pain all too well. After my grandfather's vision deteriorated and his health failed in other ways, my father was unable to find him appropriate home-care support. He had to place him in a nearby nursing home, against my grandfather's wishes. There he slept in a dark room with half a dozen other people, some completely still, others wailing with pain and suffering.
It smelled of mold and illness. He didn't sleep or eat for days, and passed away just three months later. Even now, the memory of my visits with him sends a chill down my spine. In my new book, "The Age of Dignity," I explore the experiences of my family, families like Alice's, and the millions of people across our nation who are called to care for loved ones in response to chronic illnesses, disabilities or the natural effects of aging.
Most families don't have a care plan in place, and more importantly, we as a nation don't have a plan either. As a result, so many of us are struggling: we are overwhelmed family caregivers, we often cannot afford the long-term care option we need -- if we can even find it -- let alone enjoy the time we have together. And we feel alone in this struggle.
But we are not.
In reality, 4 in 10 adults in America now care for loved ones, and by 2050, 27 million Americans will need long-term care or assistance, many as a result of a demographic shift I call "the elder boom."
As the baby boom generation ages, and health-care and scientific advances extend our life expectancy by nearly 20 years, the very nature of growing older is shifting. And polls show thatmore than 90% of older Americans want to live out their elder years at home.The key to addressing this cultural shift is to bravely confront, embrace and place a new value on the caregiving relationship. Family caregivers such as Alice's family members and professional caregivers like Elena, who joins Alice's care circle later in the film, are critical to our ability to live and age the way we desire, connected to our families and communities until the end.
In his moving 2013 commencement speech to Syracuse University graduates, author George Saunders reflected on the evolution of the human experience. "Your 'self' will diminish and you will grow in love," Saunders said. "You will gradually be replaced by Love."
With subtlety and realistic grace, the characters of "Still Alice" reveal how the caregiving relationship, while never easy, enhances and amplifies this universally attainable goal. And that in the end, we should all strive to be replaced by love, and surrounded by care.

http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/20/opinion/poo-oscars-caregivers/index.html






Week four:香港書商失蹤

Two missing Hong Kong booksellers return from China

Updated 0123 GMT (0923 HKT) March 7, 2016

























































Two of five missing booksellers believed to have been held in China have returned to Hong Kong, the Hong Kong police said Sunday.
Cheung Chi Ping requested the police to cancel his missing persons case, two days after his fellow bookseller Lui Por returned to Hong Kong also asking police to close his missing persons case.
Both men requested no further help from the government or police and "refused to disclose other details," according to police statements.
All five men were involved with publisher Mighty Current and its shop Causeway Bay Books, which sold gossipy titles about China's elite.
The disappearance of the booksellers sparked outrage in Hong Kong and internationally over fears they were taken against their will in December by Beijing authorities. Thousands of people demonstrated in Hong Kong to demand their return.
    Hong Kong authorities have said China was holding some of the men. China has repeatedly said its officials wouldn't do anything illegal.
    Lui Por and associates Cheung Chi-ping, Lam Wing-kee and Gui Minhai appeared on television on February 26 admitting to "illegal book trading" in China.

    Gui Minhai, the owner of Hong Kong publisher Mighty Current, ordered thousands of "unauthorized" books sent to mainland China, the other men said.
    The fifth bookseller, Lee Bo, appeared on Chinese television Monday to say he hadn't been abducted from Hong Kong. Lee said he went to China to assist police with an investigation and was free to return once the investigation had finished.
    The three other booksellers are still believed to be in mainland China.
    http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/04/china/hong-kong-bookseller-returns-home/index.html


    Structure of the Lead
    WHEN-Sunday
    WHAT-Two of five missing booksellers have returned to Hong Kong
    WHERE-China
    WHO-Two of five missing booksellers
    HOW- not given

    Keywords:
    1. further 進一步 
    2. gossipy 多嘴
    3. outrage 暴行
    4. unauthorized 擅自
    5. abducted 綁架
    6. mainland 大陸



    2016年3月17日 星期四

    Week three: 日韓慰安婦協議

    Japan-South Korea ‘Comfort Women’ Deal Faces Backlash in Seoul


    SEOUL—A deal between Japan and South Korea to settle a dispute over wartime sexual slavery helps create a path for the countries to work more closely on regional security, but a backlash in Korea threatens to complicate progress.

    On Monday, Tokyo and Seoul said they had “finally and irreversibly” resolved a decades long spat over reparations for Korean women used as forced sex workers by the Japanese military in the 1930s and 1940s. Under the deal, Tokyo agreed to pay around $8 million in support funds for the surviving women and extended an apology from Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

    U.S. officials heralded the agreement as a breakthrough that improves coordination between its allies in Northeast Asia against the military threat from North Korea and China’s increasing assertiveness. A senior U.S. official said it was as strategically important for Washington as the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal.

    One potential step to increase bilateral cooperation is for Seoul to sign an agreement with Tokyo on sharing military intelligence, such as on North Korea’s nuclear missile program. South Korea has declined to complete the pact since 2012 because of domestic political pressure against closer links with Japan. Instead, the U.S. acts as a go-between to pass on information between the Asian nations.

    In October, South Korea’s defense minister told his Japanese counterpart that historical grievances, such as the issue of sexual slavery of Korean women, needed to be addressed before a deal can be forged on direct exchanges of intelligence. The so-called “comfort women” dispute is the core issue of several legacies of Japan’s 35-year colonization of the Korean peninsula from 1910 to the end of World War II that continue to irritate bilateral ties.
    SEOUL—A deal between Japan and South Korea to settle a dispute over wartime sexual slavery helps create a path for the countries to work more closely on regional security, but a backlash in Korea threatens to complicate progress.

    A spokesman for the South Korean Defense Ministry didn’t respond to a request for comment on whether Seoul would consider moving forward with the military information-sharing deal.

    South Korea’s government may first be focused on building domestic support for the comfort women agreement. A survey published on Thursday by Realmeter showed 50.7% of the South Korean public felt the deal was unsatisfactory, compared with 43.2% who were satisfied. The dissatisfaction rating rose to around 70% among those in their 20s and 30s, the poll showed.
    The survey results didn’t include reasons for the respondents’ answers, but former comfort women and activists have criticized the agreement for failing to state the legal liability of the Japanese government. A South Korean Foreign Ministry official said in a media briefing that the agreement is sufficient because it acknowledges Japan’s responsibility for the system of sexual slavery.
    Some former comfort women have also been angered by the government’s lack of consultation with them during negotiations with Japan. “Why should the government rashly reach a deal? We won’t accept it,” local media reported that 90-year-old former comfort women Kim Kun-ja told a senior government official during a visit to a shelter for the women the day after the agreement was announced.
    Activists have pledged to continue to oppose the agreement. On Wednesday, two former comfort women joined a protest of several hundred people outside the Japanese Embassy in Seoul against the deal. The same day, a local court opened a damages suit against the Japanese government on behalf of 10 former comfort women.



    Structure of the Lead

    WHEN- not given
    WHAT- A deal between Japan and South Korea
    WHERE- Japan and South Korea
    WHO- Comfort Women
    HOW- not given

    Keywords
    1. dispute 爭議
    2. reparations 賠償
    3. herald 先鋒
    4. bilateral 雙方
    5. regional 區域性
    6. dissatisfaction 不滿
    7. rashly 貿然
    8. pledge to承諾








    Week two: 緬甸玉石礦山崩

    Myanmar jade mine landslide kills around 100


    About 100 people have been killed in a landslide as they picked through mountains of waste rubble in a remote mining area of northern Myanmar searching for precious jade, state media has reported.
    Those killed were thought to have been mainly itinerant miners, who make a living scavenging through mountains of waste rubble dumped by mechanical diggers used by mining firms at the centre of a secretive multibillion-dollar industry in the restive Kachin state.
    Saturday’s massive landslide crushed dozens of shanty huts clustered on the barren landscape and which were home to an unconfirmed number of people.
    The disaster happened at about 3.30am local time (9pm GMT) and lasted just a couple of minutes, according to Zaw Moe Htet, a local gems trader whose village overlooks the devastated area in the Hpakant mining area.
    “Even people living in villages further away could hear the cries of those who rushed to the scene,” he said.
    Video footage of the area shot on Saturday shows men carrying several bodies slung in blankets watched by a crowd of local people in a dusty plain near the village of Sai Tung.
    Nilar Myint, an official from the local administrative authorities in Hpakant, said rescue teams have so far found 97 people killed in the landslide.
    Landslides are a common hazard in the area as people living off the industry’s waste pick their way across perilous mounds under cover of darkness, driven by the hope they might find a chunk of jade worth thousands of dollars.
    Scores have been killed this year alone as local people say the mining companies, many of which are linked to the country’s junta-era military elite, increase their operations in Kachin.
    Myanmar is the source of virtually all of the world’s finest jadeite, a translucent green stone that is prized above almost all other materials in neighbouring China.
    In an October report, advocacy group Global Witness estimated that the value of jade produced in 2014 alone was $31bn (£20.4bn), the equivalent of nearly half the country’s GDP.
    But that figure is about 10 times the official $3.4bn sales of the precious stone last year, in an industry that has long been shrouded in secrecy with much of the best jade thought to be smuggled directly to China.
    Local people in Hpakant complain of a litany of abuses associated with the mining industry, including the frequency of accidents and land confiscations.
    The area has been turned into a moonscape of environmental destruction as huge diggers gouge the earth looking for jade.
    Itinerant miners are drawn from all parts of Myanmar by the promise of riches and become easy prey for drug addiction in Hpakant, where heroin and methamphetamine are cheaply available on the streets.
    “Industrial-scale mining by big companies controlled by military families and companies, cronies and drug lords has made Hpakant a dystopian wasteland where locals are literally having the ground cut from under their feet,” said Mike Davis of Global Witness, calling for companies to be held accountable for accidents.
    The group wants the jade industry, which has long been the subject of US sanctions, to be part of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a global scheme designed to increase transparency around natural resource management.


    Structure of the Lead
    WHEN- 3.30am local time (9pm GMT)
    WHAT- Myanmar jade mine landslide kills around 100
    WHERE- Myanmar jade mine
    WHO- not given
    HOW- not given

    Keywords
     itinerant a.巡迴的,流動的
    2. shanty 窩棚
    3. administrative 行政的
    4. perilous 險惡
    5. confiscation 徵用
    6. methamphetamine 甲基苯丙胺
    7. scheme 方案
    8.  transparency 透明度

    2016年2月25日 星期四

    Week one: Volkswagen emissions scandal

    Volkswagen: The scandal explained

    What is Volkswagen accused of?

    It's been dubbed the "diesel dupe". In September, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that many VW cars being sold in America had a "defeat device" - or software - in diesel engines that could detect when they were being tested, changing the performance accordingly to improve results. The German car giant has since admitted cheating emissions tests in the US.
    VW has had a major push to sell diesel cars in the US, backed by a huge marketing campaign trumpeting its cars' low emissions. The EPA's findings cover 482,000 cars in the US only, including the VW-manufactured Audi A3, and the VW models Jetta, Beetle, Golf and Passat. But VW has admitted that about 11 million cars worldwide, including eight million in Europe, are fitted with the so-called "defeat device".
    The company has also been accused by the EPA of modifying software on the 3 litre diesel engines fitted to some Porsche and Audi as well as VW models. VW has denied the claims, which affect at least 10,000 vehicles.
    In November, VW said it had found "irregularities" in tests to measure carbon dioxide emissions levels that could affect about 800,000 cars in Europe - including petrol vehicles. However, in December it said that following investigations, it had established that this only affected about 36,000 of the cars it produces each year.

    This 'defeat device' sounds like a sophisticated piece of kit.

    Full details of how it worked are sketchy, although the EPA has said that the engines had computer software that could sense test scenarios by monitoring speed, engine operation, air pressure and even the position of the steering wheel.
    When the cars were operating under controlled laboratory conditions - which typically involve putting them on a stationary test rig - the device appears to have put the vehicle into a sort of safety mode in which the engine ran below normal power and performance. Once on the road, the engines switched out of this test mode.
    The result? The engines emitted nitrogen oxide pollutants up to 40 times above what is allowed in the US.

    Image copyright

    What has been VW's response?

    "We've totally screwed up," said VW America boss Michael Horn, while the group's chief executive at the time, Martin Winterkorn, said his company had "broken the trust of our customers and the public". Mr Winterkorn resigned as a direct result of the scandal and was replaced by Matthias Mueller, the former boss of Porsche.
    "My most urgent task is to win back trust for the Volkswagen Group - by leaving no stone unturned," Mr Mueller said on taking up his new post.
    VW has also launched an internal inquiry.
    With VW recalling millions of cars worldwide from early next year, it has set aside €6.7bn (£4.8bn) to cover costs. That resulted in the company posting its first quarterly loss for 15 years of €2.5bn in late October.
    But that's unlikely to be the end of the financial impact. The EPA has the power to fine a company up to $37,500 for each vehicle that breaches standards - a maximum fine of about $18bn.
    The costs of possible legal action by car owners and shareholders "cannot be estimated at the current time", VW added.

    Image copyright

    How widespread are VW's problems?

    What started in the US has spread to a growing number of countries. The UK, Italy, France, South Korea, Canada and, of course, Germany, have opened investigations. Throughout the world, politicians, regulators and environmental groups are questioning the legitimacy of VW's emissions testing.
    VW will recall 8.5 million cars in Europe, including 2.4 million in Germany and 1.2 million in the UK, and 500,000 in the US as a result of the emissions scandal.
    No wonder the carmaker's shares have fallen by about a third since the scandal broke.

    Will more heads roll?

    It's still unclear who knew what and when, although VW must have had a chain of management command that approved fitting cheating devices to its engines, so further departures are likely.
    Christian Klingler, a management board member and head of sales and marketing is leaving the company, although VW said this was part of long-term planned structural changes and was not related to recent events.
    In 2014, in the US, regulators raised concerns about VW emissions levels, but these were dismissed by the company as "technical issues" and "unexpected" real-world conditions. If executives and managers wilfully misled officials (or their own VW superiors) it's difficult to see them surviving.

    Are other carmakers implicated?

    That's for the various regulatory and government inquiries to determine. California's Air Resources Board is now looking into other manufacturers' testing results. Ford, BMW and Renault-Nissan have said they did not use "defeat devices", while other firms have either not commented or simply stated that they comply with the law.
    The UK trade body for the car industry, the SMMT, said: "The EU operates a fundamentally different system to the US - with all European tests performed in strict conditions as required by EU law and witnessed by a government-appointed independent approval agency."
    But it added: "The industry acknowledges that the current test method is outdated and is seeking agreement from the European Commission for a new emissions test that embraces new testing technologies and is more representative of on-road conditions."

    Image copyright

    That sounds like EU testing rules need tightening, too.

    Environmental campaigners have long argued that emissions rules are being flouted. "Diesel cars in Europe operate with worse technology on average than the US," said Jos Dings, from the pressure group Transport & Environment. "Our latest report demonstrated that almost 90% of diesel vehicles didn't meet emission limits when they drive on the road. We are talking millions of vehicles."
    Car analysts at the financial research firm Bernstein agree that European standards are not as strict as those in the US. However, the analysts said in a report that there was, therefore, "less need to cheat". So, if other European carmakers' results are suspect, Bernstein says the "consequences are likely to be a change in the test cycle rather than legal action and fines".

    It's all another blow for the diesel market.

    Certainly is. Over the past decade and more, carmakers have poured a fortune into the production of diesel vehicles - with the support of many governments - believing that they are better for the environment. Latest scientific evidence suggests that's not the case, and there are even moves to limit diesel cars in some cities.
    Diesel sales were already slowing, so the VW scandal came at a bad time. "The revelations are likely to lead to a sharp fall in demand for diesel engine cars," said Richard Gane, automotive expert at consultants Vendigital.
    "In the US, the diesel car market currently represents around 1% of all new car sales and this is unlikely to increase in the short to medium term.
    "However, in Europe the impact could be much more significant, leading to a large tranche of the market switching to petrol engine cars virtually overnight."

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-34324772

    Structure of the Lead
    WHEN- not given
    WHAT- diesel dupe
    WHERE- not given
    WHO- Volkswagen
    HOW- Not given

    Keywords
    1.  diesel 柴油機
    2. dupe 欺騙
    3. emission 排放
    4. stationary 靜止的
    5. tranche 檔